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Home Current Affairs June 2024 Current Affairs • This is Full Length Current Affairs for UPSC & other PCS Exams• For Short and To-the-point Current Affairs CLICK HERE » History History • Art & Culture • Indian Society ❏ Ahilyabai Holkar: A Trailblazer in Leadership and Governance Why in the News? Ahilyabai Holkar, one of the most revered queens in Indian history, is celebrated for her exemplary governance and contributions to society. The 300th birth anniversary of this visionary ruler, observed recently, brought to light her life and achievements, inspiring discussions on her legacy as a model administrator and a compassionate leader. Early Life and Background Ahilyabai Holkar was born on May 31, 1725, in the quaint village of Chondi in Jamkhed, located in present-day Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. Her father, Mankoji Shinde, was the village chief. Despite societal restrictions on women’s education, Ahilyabai was taught to read and write, a rarity for women in that era, reflecting her forward-thinking upbringing. Her life took a significant turn when Malhar Rao Holkar, a nobleman and army commander in the Maratha Empire, noticed her potential and arranged her marriage to his son Khande Rao Holkar. However, tragedy struck in 1754 when her husband Khande Rao died in the Battle of Kumbher, followed by the deaths of her father-in-law and son in quick succession. Despite these personal losses, Ahilyabai rose to power, assuming the responsibilities of the Holkar Dynasty in Malwa. Administration and Governance Ahilyabai’s governance is considered a golden chapter in Indian history. She ascended the throne in 1767 and ruled until her death in 1795, a period marked by stability and prosperity in Malwa. Despite being a widow in a male-dominated society, Ahilyabai redefined leadership by focusing on justice, development, and social welfare. Strengthening Administration:Ahilyabai established an efficient administrative structure. She believed in fairness and inclusivity, ensuring that her subjects’ voices were heard. She regularly held public audiences, where she personally addressed grievances, earning the title “Punyashlok”, meaning one who brings divine blessings to her people. Peace and Stability:Her reign provided much-needed stability to Malwa during a time of intense power struggles in Central India. She managed to maintain peace and foster harmony among diverse communities. Her policies emphasized social equity and economic growth. Military Leadership:Recognizing the limitations imposed by her gender, Ahilyabai appointed Tukoji Holkar, a trusted soldier, as the commander of her army. Nevertheless, she actively participated in military strategies and even led armies into battle to defend her territory from external threats. Ahilyabai’s Contributions to Society and Culture Architectural Marvels:Ahilyabai was a patron of architecture and religious infrastructure. She constructed numerous temples, dharamshalas (rest houses), wells, and ghats across India. Prominent structures built during her reign include: Kashi Vishwanath Temple (Varanasi): She renovated the temple, ensuring its sanctity after its destruction during Mughal invasions. Ghats in Ujjain, Somnath, and Haridwar: These riverfronts facilitated better public access for religious and social purposes. Promotion of Education and Arts:Ahilyabai emphasized the importance of learning and arts. She encouraged scholars and artisans, fostering a cultural renaissance in Malwa. Her court was a hub of literary and cultural activities. Economic Policies:Her reign saw economic prosperity, largely due to her encouragement of trade and agriculture. She implemented fair tax policies, ensuring that peasants were not burdened, and incentivized commerce, which attracted traders to Malwa. Welfare Schemes:Ahilyabai prioritized the welfare of her subjects by building roads, wells, and hospitals. Her actions epitomized the concept of “Dharma”, placing service to humanity above all. Legacy of Ahilyabai Holkar Ahilyabai’s legacy transcends her time. Her governance serves as a model for inclusive leadership. She was a rare combination of valor, administrative acumen, and spiritual devotion. Even today, she is remembered for her contributions to architecture, her philanthropic initiatives, and her undeterred commitment to justice. Important Dates and Milestones: May 31, 1725: Born in Chondi, Maharashtra. 1754: Loss of her husband in the Battle of Kumbher. 1767: Ascended the throne of Malwa. 1795: Passed away, marking the end of her illustrious reign. Inspirational Thoughts by Ahilyabai Holkar: Ahilyabai believed in the principle that a ruler’s primary duty was the service of their people. Her governance philosophy aligns with the Gandhian ideals of Sarvodaya (welfare of all), making her a timeless figure in Indian polity. ❏ Srinagar Earns the Prestigious ‘World Craft City’ Title Why in the News? Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, has achieved a prestigious milestone by being designated as a ‘World Craft City’ by the World Craft Council (WCC) in June 2024. This recognition places Srinagar alongside three other Indian cities—Jaipur, Malappuram, and Mysore—that have previously received this global honor. This development not only highlights the exceptional craftsmanship of Srinagar but also elevates its standing in the global cultural and artisanal community. A Historic Achievement for Srinagar Srinagar’s designation as a ‘World Craft City’ underscores its rich heritage in traditional handicrafts. The World Craft Council acknowledged several renowned crafts of Kashmir, which include: Papier-Mâché: A unique art form where paper pulp is molded and painted with intricate designs. Hand-Knotted Carpets: Globally appreciated for their intricate patterns and craftsmanship. Pashmina Shawls: Luxurious, finely crafted shawls made from Pashmina wool, a specialty of Kashmir. Kani Weaving: A traditional form of shawl weaving that uses wooden needles. Sozni Embroidery: A delicate needlework technique often used on Pashmina shawls and garments. This recognition also builds upon Srinagar’s earlier accolade in 2021, when it was designated as a UNESCO Creative City for Crafts and Folk Art. Understanding the World Craft Council (WCC) History and Objectives Founded: The WCC was established in 1964 at the 1st World Craft Council General Assembly held in New York. Purpose: Its primary aim is to enhance the cultural and economic significance of crafts globally. Vision: To promote cooperation and exchange among craftspeople worldwide, ensuring their traditions thrive in modern times. Global ImpactThe WCC plays a pivotal role in fostering recognition for cities that excel in preserving and innovating craft traditions. By designating World Craft Cities, it creates global opportunities for artisans, ensuring sustainability and